Canada's electoral history from 1867 to today
Base → People → Search & Find → Full profile → By identity

Political figures by identity

by Maurice Y. Michaud (he/him)

Let's find...What's the cultural, religious, or sexual identity of politicians? Who are or were those who identified as indigenous? The compilation of this information within PoliCan is a work in progress. If you can provide evidence to support the addition of a name in any category, please step forward!

Statistics on the identity and diversity of the persons who have been elected can be found in the Legislatures section.

Political figures by category
Filter
All genders (5,213)
Men (4,733) ←
Women (472)
Non binary (8)
Elected (4,274) ←
Elected or unelected (4,733)
Unelected (459)
Alive or dead (4,274) ←
Alive (969)
Dead (3,305)
Category
Cultural (1,204)
Indigenous (221)
Religious (3,180) ←
Sexual (56)
Sub-category
Anglican (342) ←
Atheism (3)
Baptist (132)
Brethren in Christ (1)
Buddhist (1)
Christian Church (3)
Christian Science (1)
Church of Christ (6)
Church of Scotland (9)
Church of the Brethren (2)
Confucianism (1)
Congregational (6)
Druze (1)
Dutch Reformed (2)
Eastern Orthodox (16)
Evangelical (24)
Evangelical Covenant (3)
Hindu (4)
Islam (30)
Jehovah's Witness (1)
Judaism (86)
Lutheran (16)
Mennonite (25)
Methodist (95)
Mormon (23)
Nazarene (5)
Pentecostal (4)
Polish Nat. Catholic (1)
Presbyterian (317)
Protestant (188)
Quaker (3)
Raëlism (1)
Roman Catholic (1484)
Salvation Army (2)
Seventh-day Adventist (1)
Sikh (41)
Swedenborgian (1)
Ukrainian Greek Catholic (12)
Unitarian (11)
United Church (269)
Wesleyan (7)
Men → Elected → Alive or dead → Anglican (342)  
♂ Men: 342 (⊕ 19)  
⊕ = Alive (19)   ⊖ = Dead (323)
✓ = In office (0)   ✗ = Died in office (7)		 Age:
If ⊕ → Today
If ⊖ → Lived
Who Age Profile type
1. ♂ ⊖ John J.C. Abbott 72 Elected
2. ♂ ⊖ John H. Agnew 45 Elected
3. ♂ ⊖ J. Somerset Aikins 61 Elected
4. ♂ ⊖ James A.M. Aikins 77 Elected
5. ♂ ⊖ George W. Allan 80 Elected
6. ♂ ⊖ Henry W. Allan 69 Elected
7. ♂ ⊖ Herbert B. Ames 90 Elected
8. ♂ ⊖ Clarence W. Anderson 73 Elected
9. ♂ ⊖ George W. Andrews 74 Elected
10. ♂ ⊖ George T. Armstrong 60 Elected
11. ♂ ⊖ George Ashdown 88 Elected
12. ♂ ⊕ Steven J. Ashton 68 Elected
13. ♂ ⊖ Gordon W. Atkinson 83 Elected
14. ♂ ⊖ Albert W. Atwater 73 Elected
15. ♂ ⊖ George B. Baker 76 Elected
16. ♂ ⊖ Eric W. Balcom 80 Elected
17. ♂ ⊖ Henry Balcom 77 Elected
18. ♂ ⊖ Frederick W. (Casey) Baldwin 66 Elected
19. ♂ ⊖ Frederick E. Barker 76 Elected
20. ♂ ⊖ James C. Bartling ±87 Elected
21. ♂ ⊖ Seth M. Bartling 68 Elected
22. ♂ ⊖ Charles W. Bell 61 Elected
23. ♂ ⊖ Sydney R. Bellingham 91 Elected
24. ♂ ⊖ Robert W. Bend 85 Elected
25. ♂ ⊖ William H. Berg ±26 Elected
26. ♂ ⊖ James E. Birch 92 Elected
27. ♂ ⊖ John J. Bird 88 Elected
28. ♂ ⊖ Jean Blanchet 65 Elected
29. ♂ ⊖ George A. Boggs 77 Elected
30. ♂ ⊖ Angus L. Bonnycastle 67 Elected
31. ♂ ⊖ Robert L. Borden 82 Elected
32. ♂ ⊖ John C. Bourinot 64 Elected
33. ♂ ⊖ Edwin Bourke 78 Elected
34. ♂ ⊖ Nathaniel Boyd 88 Elected
35. ♂ ⊖ Leonard A. Braithwaite 88 Elected
36. ♂ ⊖ Alwyn Bramley-Moore 37 Elected
37. ♂ ⊖ Frederick S. Brecken 74 Elected
38. ♂ ⊖ F. Andrew Brewin 76 Elected
39. ♂ ⊕ John F. Brewin 87 Elected
40. ♂ ⊖ William Buchanan 79 Elected
41. ♂ ⊖ William L. Bullmore 59 Elected
42. ♂ ⊖ John H. Buntain 85 Elected
43. ♂ ⊖ John P. Burchill 68 Elected
44. ♂ ⊖ Leonidas Burwell 61 Elected
45. ♂ ⊖ Campbell C. Calder 83 Elected
46. ♂ ⊖ John H. Cameron ✗ 59 Elected
47. ♂ ⊖ George B. Campbell 69 Elected
48. ♂ ⊖ William L. Campbell 83 Elected
49. ♂ ⊖ Charles R.L. Cannon 84 Elected
50. ♂ ⊖ Victor G. Cardoza 71 Elected
51. ♂ ⊖ H. Bennett Carr 81 Elected
52. ♂ ⊕ Jonathon Carson 32 Elected
53. ♂ ⊖ Christopher B. Carter 61 Elected
54. ♂ ⊕ David J. Carter 90 Elected
55. ♂ ⊖ Edward B. Carter 61 Elected
56. ♂ ⊖ Frederick B.T. Carter 81 Elected
57. ♂ ⊖ Rufus S. Carter 66 Elected
58. ♂ ⊖ Richard J. Cartwright 76 Elected
59. ♂ ⊖ John H. Cascaden 63 Elected
60. ♂ ⊖ Edward B. Chandler 79 Elected
61. ♂ ⊖ John T. Cheeseman 75 Elected
62. ♂ ⊖ Roy L. Cheeseman ±81 Elected
63. ♂ ⊖ Gordon C. Chown 79 Elected
64. ♂ ⊖ William R. Clubb 77 Elected
65. ♂ ⊖ John G. Cobb 56 Elected
66. ♂ ⊖ Bruce Cochran 64 Elected
67. ♂ ⊖ Henry J. Cody 82 Elected
68. ♂ ⊖ Frederick W. Colcleugh ±62 Elected
69. ♂ ⊖ George R. Coldwell 65 Elected
70. ♂ ⊖ George B. Cole 69 Elected
71. ♂ ⊖ George Coles 64 Elected
72. ♂ ⊖ Robert Connell 86 Elected
73. ♂ ⊖ J. Peter Cooke 55 Elected
74. ♂ ⊖ J. Robert Cooke 67 Elected
75. ♂ ⊖ Joseph H. Cotter 65 Elected
76. ♂ ⊖ Cedric L. Cotton 47 Elected
77. ♂ ⊖ Archibald M. Covert 52 Elected
78. ♂ ⊖ George A. Cox 86 Elected
79. ♂ ⊖ Robert N. Cox 83 Elected
80. ♂ ⊖ J. Herbert Crawford 38 Elected
81. ♂ ⊖ Hume B. Cronyn 68 Elected
82. ♂ ⊖ Orlando T. Daniels 67 Elected
83. ♂ ⊖ Harry A. Darby 86 Elected
84. ♂ ⊖ Walter E. Darby 76 Elected
85. ♂ ⊖ Benjamin Davies ±91 Elected
86. ♂ ⊖ Louis H. Davies 78 Elected
87. ♂ ⊖ Myrddyn C. (M.C.) Davies 77 Elected
88. ♂ ⊕ William C. Davis 84 Elected
89. ♂ ⊖ George W.W. Dawson 78 Elected
90. ♂ ⊖ Roland De Corneille 87 Elected
91. ♂ ⊖ George W. DeBlois 62 Elected
92. ♂ ⊖ Hammel M. Deroche 75 Elected
93. ♂ ⊖ Mather B. DesBrisay 72 Elected
94. ♂ ⊕ Dennis P. Drainville 70 Elected
95. ♂ ⊖ George A. Drew 65 Elected
96. ♂ ⊖ George A. Drew 78 Elected
97. ♂ ⊖ Edward L. Drewry 89 Elected
98. ♂ ⊖ T. Kevin Drummond 91 Elected
99. ♂ ⊖ Henry T. Duffy 51 Elected
100. ♂ ⊖ Alfred H. Dymond 75 Elected
101. ♂ ⊖ Albert J. Fallis 76 Elected
102. ♂ ⊖ Hugh C. Farthing 75 Elected
103. ♂ ⊖ Adam J. Fergusson Blair 52 Elected
104. ♂ ⊕ William H. Ferrier 91 Elected
105. ♂ ⊖ Ronald W. Fewchuk 75 Elected
106. ♂ ⊖ John T. Finnie 77 Elected
107. ♂ ⊖ Gordon H. Fitzgerald 87 Elected
108. ♂ ⊖ Walter R. Fitzgerald 78 Elected
109. ♂ ⊖ Nelson E. Gaetz 81 Elected
110. ♂ ⊖ Alexander T. Galt 76 Elected
111. ♂ ⊖ John J. Garland 51 Elected
112. ♂ ⊖ William Garland 55 Elected
113. ♂ ⊖ Charles E. Gault 85 Elected
114. ♂ ⊖ Matthew H. Gault 64 Elected
115. ♂ ⊖ Joseph A. Ghiz 51 Elected
116. ♂ ⊕ Robert W.J. Ghiz 50 Elected
117. ♂ ⊖ Angus M. Gidney 76 Elected
118. ♂ ⊖ Thomas F. Gillespie 54 Elected
119. ♂ ⊖ W. Heward Grafftey 81 Elected
120. ♂ ⊖ Orton I. Grain 66 Elected
121. ♂ ⊖ Robert A. Grindlay 76 Elected
122. ♂ ⊖ Eric A. Gullage ±65 Elected
123. ♂ ⊖ Edward D. Haliburton 91 Elected
124. ♂ ⊖ John S. Hall 55 Elected
125. ♂ ⊖ Clarence Hamilton 60 Elected
126. ♂ ⊖ Hannes M. Hannesson 73 Elected
127. ♂ ⊖ Graham L. Harle 90 Elected
128. ♂ ⊖ Gordon S. Harrington 59 Elected
129. ♂ ⊖ Keith S. Harrington 69 Elected
130. ♂ ⊖ Francis L. Haszard 88 Elected
131. ♂ ⊖ Thomas H. Haviland 72 Elected
132. ♂ ⊖ James B. Hawkes 77 Elected
133. ♂ ⊖ Edward H.G.G. Hay 78 Elected
134. ♂ ⊖ Daniel J.M. Heap 88 Elected
135. ♂ ⊖ Edmund Heath 69 Elected
136. ♂ ⊖ D.L. George Henley 79 Elected
137. ♂ ⊖ William Hespeler 90 Elected
138. ♂ ⊖ Philip C. Hill 73 Elected
139. ♂ ⊖ Thomas P. Hillhouse 95 Elected
140. ♂ ⊖ James Hiscott 91 Elected
141. ♂ ⊖ William Hodgins 73 Elected
142. ♂ ⊖ Harry W. How 81 Elected
143. ♂ ⊖ John P. Howden 79 Elected
144. ♂ ⊖ William H. Hoyle 76 Elected
145. ♂ ⊖ Samuel Hughes 66 Elected
146. ♂ ⊕ G. Patrick Hunt 75 Elected
147. ♂ ⊖ Lucius S. Huntington 58 Elected
148. ♂ ⊖ Matthew Hutchinson 82 Elected
149. ♂ ⊖ George Irvine 70 Elected
150. ♂ ⊖ Robert Jacob 64 Elected
151. ♂ ⊖ Richard W. Jameson ✗ 47 Elected
152. ♂ ⊖ Gordon W. Janes 66 Elected
153. ♂ ⊖ John T. Jenkins 89 Elected
154. ♂ ⊖ Louis L. Jenkins 78 Elected
155. ♂ ⊖ Willard M. Jenkins 83 Elected
156. ♂ ⊖ Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière 78 Elected
157. ♂ ⊖ W.S. Kennedy Jones 58 Elected
158. ♂ ⊖ Thomas H. Kellett 47 Elected
159. ♂ ⊕ J. Gregory Kerr 76 Elected
160. ♂ ⊖ Huntly D.B. Ketchen 87 Elected
161. ♂ ⊖ Edward Kidd ✗ 63 Elected
162. ♂ ⊖ Thomas A. Kidd 84 Elected
163. ♂ ⊖ Albert C. Killam 58 Elected
164. ♂ ⊖ Albert Knight 64 Elected
165. ♂ ⊖ George H. Knowling 66 Elected
166. ♂ ⊖ Richard S. Lake 89 Elected
167. ♂ ⊖ Andrew Laughlin 71 Elected
168. ♂ ⊖ John B. Laughlin 61 Elected
169. ♂ ⊖ J. Waldron Lavers 68 Elected
170. ♂ ⊖ George H. Lawrence 67 Elected
171. ♂ ⊖ John G. Leefe 80 Elected
172. ♂ ⊕ Terry Loder 71 Elected
173. ♂ ⊖ James W. Longley 73 Elected
174. ♂ ⊖ William F. Luxton 62 Elected
175. ♂ ⊖ Edwin D. Lynch 80 Elected
176. ♂ ⊖ James S. Lynch ±53 Elected
177. ♂ ⊖ Henry L. Mabb 88 Elected
178. ♂ ⊖ Hugh J. Macdonald 79 Elected
179. ♂ ⊖ John A. Macdonald ✗ 76 Elected
180. ♂ ⊖ Peter S.G. Mackenzie 51 Elected
181. ♂ ⊖ J.R. Shaw MacMillan 69 Elected
182. ♂ ⊖ George J.H. Malcolm 64 Elected
183. ♂ ⊖ Alonzo A. Martell 60 Elected
184. ♂ ⊖ Archibald J. Mason 85 Elected
185. ♂ ⊖ Denton Massey 83 Elected
186. ♂ ⊕ Joel R. Matheson 94 Elected
187. ♂ ⊖ Gary F. McCauley 78 Elected
188. ♂ ⊖ George S. McClearn 78 Elected
189. ♂ ⊖ John A.M. McCue 45 Elected
190. ♂ ⊖ William A. McCulla ±86 Elected
191. ♂ ⊖ John McLennan 72 Elected
192. ♂ ⊖ Lendrum McMeans 82 Elected
193. ♂ ⊖ Isaac Mercer 89 Elected
194. ♂ ⊖ William F. Meyers 63 Elected
195. ♂ ⊖ D. Roland Michener 91 Elected
196. ♂ ⊖ Edward Michener 77 Elected
197. ♂ ⊖ Campbell E. Millar 80 Elected
198. ♂ ⊖ James A. Miller 47 Elected
199. ♂ ⊕ Keith W. Milligan 74 Elected
200. ♂ ⊖ John F. Mitchell 80 Elected
201. ♂ ⊖ Frederick A. Monk 69 Elected
202. ♂ ⊖ Oscar E. Morehouse 77 Elected
203. ♂ ⊖ Alexander W. Morris ±79 Elected
204. ♂ ⊖ Walter A.O. Morson 69 Elected
205. ♂ ⊖ Thomas L. Morton 67 Elected
206. ♂ ⊖ William Morton 73 Elected
207. ♂ ⊖ Stewart Mulvey ±74 Elected
208. ♂ ⊖ Alexander (Sandy) Murray 74 Elected
209. ♂ ⊖ Frank S. Myers 67 Elected
210. ♂ ⊖ William H. Nash 71 Elected
211. ♂ ⊖ Sylvester Neelon 72 Elected
212. ♂ ⊖ Alfred W. Nixon 57 Elected
213. ♂ ⊖ John Norquay 48 Elected
214. ♂ ⊖ Thomas Norquay 49 Elected
215. ♂ ⊖ John O'Gallagher 75 Elected
216. ♂ ⊖ Robert G. O'Malley 81 Elected
217. ♂ ⊖ George O'Reilly 81 Elected
218. ♂ ⊖ Charles J. Osman 70 Elected
219. ♂ ⊖ George Otty 68 Elected
220. ♂ ⊖ Lemuel C. Owen 90 Elected
221. ♂ ⊖ Michel Pagé 63 Elected
222. ♂ ⊖ Samuel S. Page 59 Elected
223. ♂ ⊖ Herbert J. Palmer 88 Elected
224. ♂ ⊖ Albert E. Parsons 78 Elected
225. ♂ ⊖ A. Russell Paulley 74 Elected
226. ♂ ⊖ Benjamin F. Pearson 56 Elected
227. ♂ ⊖ Bryan S. Pearson 82 Elected
228. ♂ ⊖ Frederick M. Pearson 48 Elected
229. ♂ ⊖ Arthur Peters 53 Elected
230. ♂ ⊖ Frederick Peters 67 Elected
231. ♂ ⊖ Milne C. (Mel) Pickings 92 Elected
232. ♂ ⊖ Edwin Pimbury 75 Elected
233. ♂ ⊖ James K. Pinder 88 Elected
234. ♂ ⊖ William H. Pipe 73 Elected
235. ♂ ⊖ George D. Pope 60 Elected
236. ♂ ⊖ James C. Pope 58 Elected
237. ♂ ⊖ Peter M. Pope 73 Elected
238. ♂ ⊖ William H. Pope 54 Elected
239. ♂ ⊖ E. Keith Potter 68 Elected
240. ♂ ⊖ John L. Reid 69 Elected
241. ♂ ⊖ John G. Rennie 47 Elected
242. ♂ ⊖ William Rhodes 70 Elected
243. ♂ ⊖ James W. Richards ✗ 64 Elected
244. ♂ ⊖ John Richards 59 Elected
245. ♂ ⊖ Henry R. Richardson 86 Elected
246. ♂ ⊖ F.X. (Frank) Richter 67 Elected
247. ♂ ⊖ John W. Ritchie 82 Elected
248. ♂ ⊖ Edmund A. Robert 71 Elected
249. ♂ ⊖ William J. Roche 77 Elected
250. ♂ ⊖ David Rogers 79 Elected
251. ♂ ⊖ Robert Rogers 72 Elected
252. ♂ ⊖ Hugo Homer Ross ±65 Elected
253. ♂ ⊖ John S. Ross 60 Elected
254. ♂ ⊖ James E. Rutledge 77 Elected
255. ♂ ⊕ E. Timothy Sale 82 Elected
256. ♂ ⊖ John R. Sanborn 74 Elected
257. ♂ ⊖ Thomas Sander 37 Elected
258. ♂ ⊖ James A. Sanderson ±75 Elected
259. ♂ ⊖ Albert C. Saunders 69 Elected
260. ♂ ⊖ Frederick L. Schaffner 79 Elected
261. ♂ ⊖ John C. Schultz 56 Elected
262. ♂ ⊖ Thomas Scott 73 Elected
263. ♂ ⊖ Joseph E. Seagram 78 Elected
264. ♂ ⊖ James Sealy 69 Elected
265. ♂ ⊖ Derwyn S. Shea 77 Elected
266. ♂ ⊖ Charles Sheard 71 Elected
267. ♂ ⊖ Gerald E. Sheehy 84 Elected
268. ♂ ⊖ Louis R. (Bud) Sherman 88 Elected
269. ♂ ⊖ Arthur L.W. Sifton ✗ 62 Elected
270. ♂ ⊖ Clifford Sifton 68 Elected
271. ♂ ⊖ John W. Sifton 79 Elected
272. ♂ ⊕ William L. Siksay 69 Elected
273. ♂ ⊖ Harvey C. Simpson 65 Elected
274. ♂ ⊖ James C. Simpson 78 Elected
275. ♂ ⊖ William J. Simpson 49 Elected
276. ♂ ⊖ Charles R. Smith 97 Elected
277. ♂ ⊖ John D. Smith 77 Elected
278. ♂ ⊖ Thomas H. Smith 70 Elected
279. ♂ ⊖ Reginald F. Sparkes 83 Elected
280. ♂ ⊖ Elijah E. Spencer 73 Elected
281. ♂ ⊖ Eric H. Spinney 85 Elected
282. ♂ ⊖ John T. Sproule 64 Elected
283. ♂ ⊖ Reginald F. Stackhouse 91 Elected
284. ♂ ⊖ Frank Stanfield 59 Elected
285. ♂ ⊖ Frank T. Stanfield 64 Elected
286. ♂ ⊖ John Stanfield 65 Elected
287. ♂ ⊖ Robert L. Stanfield 89 Elected
288. ♂ ⊖ Robert A. Steen 45 Elected
289. ♂ ⊖ Warren J. Steen 69 Elected
290. ♂ ⊖ William H. Steeves 59 Elected
291. ♂ ⊖ Geoffrey W. Stevens 72 Elected
292. ♂ ⊖ John A. Stevenson 31 Elected
293. ♂ ⊖ W. F.-Alan Stewart 70 Elected
294. ♂ ⊖ Thomas C. Street ✗ ±58 Elected
295. ♂ ⊖ Alexander J. Stringer ±66 Elected
296. ♂ ⊖ Hugh M. Sutherland 81 Elected
297. ♂ ⊖ David R. Sutton 74 Elected
298. ♂ ⊖ Charles E. Tanner 88 Elected
299. ♂ ⊖ Wilfred Tanton 71 Elected
300. ♂ ⊕ Alex Taylor 88 Elected
301. ♂ ⊖ John Taylor 91 Elected
302. ♂ ⊖ Thomas W. Taylor 71 Elected
303. ♂ ⊖ Eric L. Teed 84 Elected
304. ♂ ⊖ Wesley G. Thompson 73 Elected
305. ♂ ⊖ Charles Todd 81 Elected
306. ♂ ⊖ Havelock L. Torrey 82 Elected
307. ♂ ⊖ Charles J. Townshend 80 Elected
308. ♂ ⊖ Charles H. Tupper 71 Elected
309. ♂ ⊖ William J. Tupper 85 Elected
310. ♂ ⊖ Edwin A. Vail 67 Elected
311. ♂ ⊖ William B. Vail 80 Elected
312. ♂ ⊕ T. Neil Vant 79 Elected
313. ♂ ⊕ Ronald S. Veale ±79 Elected
314. ♂ ⊖ Gerald G. Wambolt 78 Elected
315. ♂ ⊖ Alexander B. Warburton 76 Elected
316. ♂ ⊖ James Warburton 72 Elected
317. ♂ ⊖ Ralph H. Webb 58 Elected
318. ♂ ⊖ William G. Webster 80 Elected
319. ♂ ⊖ Robert S.K. Welch 72 Elected
320. ♂ ⊖ Richard L. Weldon 87 Elected
321. ♂ ⊕ Clyde K. Wells 86 Elected
322. ♂ ⊖ William Welsh 82 Elected
323. ♂ ⊖ Lewis J. Westaway 64 Elected
324. ♂ ⊖ Andrew R. Wetmore 71 Elected
325. ♂ ⊖ Thomas R. Whiteside 71 Elected
326. ♂ ⊖ Henry H. Wickwire 54 Elected
327. ♂ ⊖ Reginald F. Wightman 81 Elected
328. ♂ ⊖ Martin I. Wilkins 76 Elected
329. ♂ ⊖ John Williams 70 Elected
330. ♂ ⊖ Errick F. Willis 70 Elected
331. ♂ ⊖ Richard G. (R.G.) Willis 64 Elected
332. ♂ ⊖ Wellington B. Willoughby 73 Elected
333. ♂ ⊖ James E. Wilson 67 Elected
334. ♂ ⊖ William J. Winram 53 Elected
335. ♂ ⊖ Ernest J. Wood ? Elected
336. ♂ ⊖ Thomas A. Wood ±88 Elected
337. ♂ ⊖ Harry A. Worton 81 Elected
338. ♂ ⊖ J. Edward (Ned) Wyatt 71 Elected
339. ♂ ⊖ Jonathan S.C. Würtele 76 Elected
340. ♂ ⊖ James Yeo 75 Elected
341. ♂ ⊖ John Yeo 87 Elected
342. ♂ ⊖ Maurice L. Zinck 76 Elected

© 2019, 2024 :: PoliCan.ca (Maurice Y. Michaud)
Pub.: 19 Apr 2023 14:54
Rev.:  7 Jul 2024 13:59 (but data presented dynamically)

© 2019-2024 :: PoliCan.ca
Given that electoral results are by their very nature public information, such data that can be found in PoliCan are considered to be in the public domain. However, unless indicated otherwise, all other elements — the concept of consolidating these data into a single format, the detailed research on each election, legislature and candidate, the organization and searchability of the data, the programming allowing the entry and maintenance of the data, as well as the analyses and explanatory articles found in this website — are the intellectual property of Maurice Y. Michaud.